In a unique collaboration with the World Museum Liverpool we are proud to be running our drop-in hoop glider workshop with a shooting star twist and a Galactic Quiz with prizes at this spectacular stargazing event.
Make a Hoop Glider – while learning the science behind it – which you can take away with you!
The event will run – 5.30pm to 9.00pm.
Find out more here – http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/wml/events/displayevent.aspx?EventId=38165
So come and find us to have some STEM fun!
28th October 2018 – MajorTim.space held their sold out all day ‘Space is the Place’! – Celebrate World Space Week!’ workshop in Llandudno, North Wales for young people.
The day consisted of inspiring STEM/space experiments/activities.
The children had the opportunity to see and examine meteorites including a piece of Mars!
In the afternoon the children had the chance to speak to Dr Jackie Bell (a contestant on the BBC’s ‘Astronauts: Do You Have What it Takes?’ programme) during a live link up.
Jackie gave a fascinating talk with time for q&a, where the participants got to ask their burning space questions.
It was a fun-filled educational day that launched the children into the wonders of our universe.
Catrin Moore (age 8) said “I have really enjoyed the day and I want to come again!”
Amelia Stars (Founder, CEO and manager of MajorTim.space) said “All 12 participants had a fantastic time and the feedback has been tremendous, they had such great questions for Dr Jackie Bell and it was great to see them making new friends. A highlight for me was that most of the children who attended now want to be scientists, engineers and astronauts. It is extremely important that we help young people to discover the wide range of careers available in the STEM fields – help them to open the doors to their futures!”
Here is our official event video –
During the event we held two competitions –
1. Mars Mission Egg Drop – we tested which participants expensive technical equipment (an egg) would survive the long drop from the probe to the surface of Mars – the winner was……….. Luke!
2. Balloon Cars – we timed every balloon car on our ramp to the finish line and recorded all the times – the fastest balloon car with a time of 1.72 seconds was built by……….. Osian!
The two runner-ups were – Alfie (time – 1.94 seconds) and Luke (time – 2.42 seconds).
World Space Week is an annual international celebration of all things SPACE, which focuses on science and technology and its role in the past, present and the future of mankind.
The event was a great success and all the children left the workshop inspired!
Thanks to Dr Jackie Bell for the fantastic live link up.
Also, to the Llandudno Lions Club for supporting the event and Dallas Campbell for one of the videos that the children viewed.
We had a great time with 1st Abergele Cubs – 18.10.2018 – running our Balloon cars workshop!
The Cubs were challenged to design and build their own balloon cars!
During the session we ran the fastest balloon car competition!
We timed every balloon car on our ramp to the finish line and recorded all the times!
It was wonderful to see the Scouts being competitive – but helping each other at the same time!
Even though it was a competition, all the Scouts helped each other while building their cars!
The winner was……..
Daniel (below)
Daniel’s car (The Danmobile) had a fantastic time of 2.28 seconds!
Here is Daniel racing his winning car –
The runner-ups of the competition were… William – with his car ‘Geoff’ (time – 2.35 seconds) and Noah – with his car ‘The Noahmobile’ (time – 2.38 seconds) (below).
Well done to all of the Cubs – you all built amazing cars!
Come and celebrate World Space Week with MajorTim.space – 28th October –
10am – 3pm – Llandudno.
‘Space is the Place’ is an all day workshop for children aged 7+.
MajorTim.space has created a fun-filled educational day to launch you into the wonders of our universe.
The day will consist of inspiring STEM/space experiments/activities.
PRIZES to be won on the day!
Includes Live Link up with Dr Jackie Bell –
a contestant on the BBC’s ‘Astronauts: Do You Have What it Takes?’ programme!
Jackie will give a fascinating talk with time for q&a.
Drop off at 10am and pick up at 3pm.
Please bring a packed lunch/drink with you – snacks will be provided.
MajorTim.space, an award winning Astronomy/STEM website – Founded in October 2016.
Dedicated to the education about space exploration, knowledge of space/STEM and the wonders of the universe!
MajorTim.space’s patron – Apollo 15 astronaut, Al Worden.
World Space Week is an annual international celebration of all things SPACE, which focuses on science and technology and its role in the past, present and the future of mankind.
Come and blast off into the wonders of space/STEM with MajorTim.space!
Book your tickets here – https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/space-is-the-place-celebrate-world-space-week-tickets-50788289140?aff=ebdssbdestsearch#tickets
We were invited to attend a Live Recording of the Book Shambles Podcast in Manchester at QED Convention – 13th October 2018.
An interesting discussion about Sue Nelson’s book ‘Wally Funk’s Race for Space: The Extraordinary Story of a Female Aviation Pioneer’ between Sue Nelson, Robin Ince and Dallas Campbell.
The conversation led to other topics including women in space, rockets, spacesuits and much more.
It was great to meet Sue Nelson – an inspirational role model for people of all ages!
Sue Nelson’s passion for space and women in STEM captivated all, giving everyone a real insight in to the life of an astronaut.
While Robin Ince’s witty sense of humour combined with Dallas Campbell’s enthusiasm for STEM, captured and entertained the audience.
A fantastic, entertaining and inspirational panel discussion.
We had a fantastic time running our drop-in ‘Be Mystified – The Forces of Science!’ workshops at Techniquest Glyndwr’s Fun Day – 29th September 2018!
We were running three different drop-in activities:
Be Mystified – The Forces of Science!
Visitors to our stand made Hoop Gliders, Thaumatropes and Levitating Ball Blowers – while learning the science behind them – All of which they could take away with them.
The video below is of a group of Girlguiding Guides who visited our stand – here they are testing their hoop gliders –
We took our new MajorTim.space Galactic Photo Prop and accessories which were very popular with the visitors!
All of the visitors to our stand had a STEMtastic time!
NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexey Ovchinin are safe and have returned to Moscow with mission officials after their aborted mission. The Soyuz MS-10 rocket booster experienced a failure about two minutes after launching from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Hague will return to Houston, Texas on Saturday and Ovchinin will stay in Moscow. Investigations into the cause of the failure are beginning and the space station international partner agencies are evaluating what changes to the station’s operating plan will need to be adopted.
The three humans still orbiting Earth are safe with plenty of supplies and work to do on orbit. Commander Alexander Gerst and Flight Engineer Serena Auñón-Chancellor started their day measuring how microgravity has impacted their muscles for the Myotones study. They then moved on to researching an ancient technique that may be used for emergency navigation on future space missions.
Shortly after taking off from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Nick Hague and Alexey Ovchinin reported a problem with the rocket’s booster.
The crew were forced into a “ballistic descent”, with their capsule landing a few hundred miles north of Baikonur.
They have been picked up by rescuers.
“The search and recovery teams have reached the Soyuz spacecraft landing site and report that the two crew members… are in good condition and are out of the capsule,” US space agency Nasa said.
Russia said it was suspending any further manned flights and an investigation into what went wrong had begun.
The launch appeared to be going smoothly, but some 90 seconds later Nasa, on its livestream, reported that a problem seemed to have occurred with the booster rocket between the first and second stages of separation.
Footage from inside the capsule showed the two men being shaken around at the moment that the fault happened.
Shortly afterwards, Nasa said they were making a “ballistic descent” meaning their capsule descended at a much sharper angle than normal and would have been subjected to greater G-force – the force imposed on a body by rapid acceleration.
The capsule separated from the failing rocket and later deployed parachutes to slow its descent.
Soyuz is one of the oldest rocket designs but also one of the safest. The malfunction appeared to occur around what is termed “staging”, where the ascending vehicle goes through the process of discarding its empty fuel segments.
The onboard astronauts, were certainly aware that something was not right, because they reported feeling weightless when they should have felt pushed back in their seats. The escape systems are tested and ready for exactly this sort of eventuality. However, it would have been an uncomfortable ride back to Earth. The crew would have experienced very sharp accelerations and decelerations on the return.
There is already much discussion about the current state of Russian industry and its ability to maintain the standards of yesteryear. Whatever the outcome of the inquiry, this event will only heighten those concerns and will underline to the US in particular the need to bring online new rocket systems. These vehicles, produced by the Boeing and SpaceX companies, are set to make their debut next year.
They seem to have been unharmed by the experience.
Search and rescue teams were quickly on the scene, 500km (310 miles) north-east of Baikonur, near the Kazakh city of Dzhezkazgan.
They reported that Mr Hague and Mr Ovchinin were alive and well and the Russian civilian space agency, Roscosmos, later issued photos of them having their hearts and blood pressure monitored.
“The emergency rescue system worked, the vessel was able to land in Kazakhstan… the crew are alive,” Roscosmos tweeted. Nasa described them as being in good condition. They reportedly did not need medical treatment.
Nasa added that the two men were being taken to the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre outside Moscow and they were “monitoring the situation carefully.
Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Borisov said no further manned missions would take place “until we believe that the entire situation guarantees safety”.
He rejected suggestions it could harm US relations, saying they recognised it was a “hi-tech industry linked to risk”, but he added: “We certainly won’t conceal the reasons, it is uncommon for such situations”.
Space co-operation is an area which has survived otherwise tense relations between Russia and the US. Nasa has been paying for seats on Soyuz rockets to ferry its astronauts to the International Space Station since the Space Shuttle programme ended in 2011.
The crew already on the ISS will not be affected by Thursday’s aborted mission, Russia’s Tass news agency reported, quoting an unnamed source as saying they have enough supplies.
We had a fantastic time running our drop-in ‘Be Mystified – The Forces of Science!’ workshops at New Scientist Live, ExCeL London (21st September – 23rd September 2018)!
We were running three different drop-in activities and our Galactic Quiz with prizes:
Be Mystified – The Forces of Science!
Visitors to our stand made Hoop Gliders, Thaumatropes and Levitating Ball Blowers – while learning the science behind them – All of which they could take away with them!
Plus, we had our Galactic Quiz and some friction challenges that got visitors thinking!
We took our new MajorTim.space Galactic Photo Prop which was very popular with the visitors!
We had a fantastic time meeting thousands of enthusiastic Young Space Explorers who visited our stand in the COSMOS zone!
Ada Lovelace Day (ALD) is an international celebration of the achievements of women in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM).
It aims to increase the profile of women in STEM and in doing so, create new role models who will encourage more girls into STEM careers and support women already working in STEM.
This Ada Lovelace Day – we are highlighting the incredible achievements of some of the most influential and inspiring women in STEM….
1. Ada Lovelace – The first ever computer programmer! (1815 – 1852)
The idea that the 1840s saw the birth of computer science as we know it today may seem like a preposterous one, but long before the Bombe, the Colossus or the Harvard Mark I – long before any computer was actually built – came a remarkable woman whose understanding of computing remained unparalleled and unappreciated for 100 years. Brought up in an era when women were routinely denied education, she saw further into the future than any of her male counterparts, and her work influenced the thinking of one of World War II’s greatest minds.
Fearing that Ada would inherit her father’s volatile ‘poetic’ temperament, her mother raised her under a strict regimen of science, logic, and mathematics.
Ada herself from childhood had a fascination with machines – designing fanciful boats and steam flying machines, and poring over the diagrams of the new inventions of the Industrial Revolution that filled the scientific magazines of the time.
in 1833, Lovelace’s mentor, the scientist and polymath Mary Sommerville, introduced her to Charles Babbage, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics who had already attained considerable celebrity for his visionary and perpetually unfinished plans for gigantic clockwork calculating machines. Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace both had somewhat unconventional personalities and became close and lifelong friends. Babbage described her as “that Enchantress who has thrown her magical spell around the most abstract of Sciences and has grasped it with a force which few masculine intellects could have exerted over it,” or an another occasion, as “The Enchantress of Numbers”.
In 1842 Lovelace translated a short article describing the Analytical Engine by the italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea, for publication in England. Babbage asked her to expand the article, “as she understood the machine so well”. The final article is over three times the length of the original and contains several early ‘computer programs,’ as well as strikingly prescient observations on the potential uses of the machine, including the manipulation of symbols and creation of music.
Although Babbage and his assistants had sketched out programs for his engine before, Lovelace’s are the most elaborate and complete, and the first to be published; so she is often referred to as “the first computer programmer”.
Babbage himself “spoke highly of her mathematical powers, and of her peculiar capability – higher he said than of any one he knew, to prepare the descriptions connected with his calculating machine.”
2. Helen Sharman-The first UK astronaut & first woman to visit the Mir Space Station!
Helen Patricia Sharman is a British Chemist who became the first British astronaut and the first woman to visit the Mir Space Station in 1991!
Sharman was born in Grenoside, Sheffield on the 30th May 1963.
Project Juno
After responding to a radio advertisement asking for applicants to be astronauts for a mission to the Mir Space Station, Helen Sharman was selected for the mission live on ITV, on 25th of November 1989, ahead of nearly 13,000 other applicants.
Before launch, Sharman spent 18 months in intensive flight training in Star City.
3. Katherine Johnson – Calculated the trajectory of the 1961 flight of Alan Shepard, the first American in space!
Katherine Johnson is a former NASA mathematician.Born on August 26, 1918 in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, Johnson began her career in 1953 at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the agency that preceded NASA, one of a number of African-American women hired to work as “computers” in what was then their Guidance and Navigation Department.
Career
Working at NASA Langley Research Center from 1953 until her retirement in 1986, Johnson made critical technical contributions which included, calculating the trajectory of the 1961 flight of Alan Shepard, the first American in space.
She also played a crucial role in verifying the calculations made by early electronic computers of John Glenn’s 1962 launch to orbit and the 1969 Apollo 11 trajectory to the moon.
Johnson worked on the Space Shuttle Program and the Earth Resources Satellite and encouraged students to pursue careers in STEM (science, technology engineering and mathematics).
4. Mary Jackson – NASA’S First Black Female Engineer! (1921 – 2005)
After two years in the computing pool, Mary Jackson received an offer to work for engineer Kazimierz Czarnecki in the 4-foot by 4-foot Supersonic Pressure Tunnel, a 60,000 horsepower wind tunnel capable of blasting models with winds approaching twice the speed of sound. Czarnecki offered Mary hands-on experience conducting experiments in the facility, and eventually suggested that she enter a training program that would allow her to earn a promotion from mathematician to engineer. Trainees had to take graduate level math and physics in after-work courses managed by the University of Virginia. Because the classes were held at then-segregated Hampton High School, however, Mary needed special permission from the City of Hampton to join her white peers in the classroom. Never one to flinch in the face of a challenge, Mary completed the courses, earned the promotion, and in 1958 became NASA’s first black female engineer. That same year, she co-authored her first report, Effects of Nose Angle and Mach Number on Transition on Cones at Supersonic Speeds.
Mary Jackson began her engineering career in an era in which female engineers of any background were a rarity; in the 1950s, she very well may have been the only black female aeronautical engineer in the field.
5. Dorothy Vaughan – NASA’s first African-American manager! (1910 – 2008)
It’s easy to overlook the people who paved the way for the agency’s current robust and diverse workforce and leadership. Those who speak of NASA’s pioneers rarely mention the name Dorothy Vaughan, but as the head of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA’s) segregated West Area Computing Unit from 1949 until 1958, Vaughan was both a respected mathematician and NASA’s first African-American manager.
Dorothy Vaughan came to the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory in 1943, during the height of World War II, leaving her position as the math teacher at Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville, VA to take what she believed would be a temporary war job. Two years after President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802 into law, prohibiting racial, religious and ethnic discrimination in the country’s defence industry, the Laboratory began hiring black women to meet the skyrocketing demand for processing aeronautical research data. Urgency and twenty-four hour shifts prevailed – as did Jim Crow laws which required newly-hired “coloured” mathematicians to work separately from their white female counterparts. Dorothy Vaughan was assigned to the segregated “West Area Computing” unit, an all-black group of female mathematicians, who were originally required to use separate dining and bathroom facilities. Over time, both individually and as a group, the West Computers distinguished themselves with contributions to virtually every area of research at Langley.
6. Libby Jackson – The Human Spaceflight and Microgravity Programme Manager for the UK Space Agency!
Libby Jackson is currently the Human Spaceflight and Microgravity Programme Manager for the UK Space Agency, so she is responsible for the UK’s Human Spaceflight and Microgravity programmes on the International Space Station (ISS).
She used to be a flight director on space missions, ensuring that everyone worked together and everything went according to plan.
Libby attended space school when she was 15, and that made her realise there was a space industry you could work in. Then in Year 12, she had to do a work placement and herself and a friend wrote to NASA – They never expected to get in, but to there amazement they were invited to do two weeks at the Johnson Space Center!
Libby has recently published a book –
A Galaxy of Her Own: Amazing Stories of Women in Space
From small steps to giant leaps, A Galaxy of Her Own tells fifty stories of inspirational women who have been fundamental to the story of humans in space, from scientists to astronauts to some surprising roles in between.
7. Valentina Tereshkova – First Woman in Space!
Interested in parachuting from a young age, Tereshkova began skydiving at a local flying club, making her first jump at the age of 22 in May 1959. At the time of her selection as a cosmonaut, she was working as a textile worker in a local factory.
After the first human spaceflight by Yuri Gagarin, the selection of female cosmonaut trainees was authorised by the Soviet government, with the aim of ensuring the first woman in space was a Soviet citizen.
On 16 February 1962, out of more than 400 applicants, five women were selected to join the cosmonaut corps: Tatyana Kuznetsova, Irina Solovyova, Zhanna Yorkina, Valentina Ponomaryova and Valentina Tereshkova. The group spent several months in training, which included weightless flights, isolation tests, centrifuge tests, 120 parachute jumps and pilot training in jet aircraft.
Four candidates passed the final examinations in November 1962, after which they were commissioned as lieutenants in the Soviet air force (meaning Tereshkova also became the first civilian to fly in space, since technically these were only honorary ranks).
Originally a joint mission was planned that would see two women launched on solo Vostok flights on consecutive days in March or April 1963. Tereshkova, Solovyova and Ponomaryova were the leading candidates. It was intended that Tereshkova would be launched first in Vostok 5, with Ponomaryova following her in Vostok 6.
However, this plan was changed in March 1963: Vostok 5 would carry a male cosmonaut, Valeri Bykovsky, flying the mission with a woman in Vostok 6 in June. The Russian space authorities nominated Tereshkova to make the joint flight.
Her daughter Elena, was the first child born to parents who had both been in space.
8. Sally Ride – First American Female Astronaut! (1951 – 2012)
One of six women selected in NASA’s 1978 astronaut class, Sally Ride was the first of them to fly. When she rode aboard the space shuttle Challenger as it lifted off from Kennedy Space Center on June 18, 1983, she became the first American woman in space and captured the nation’s attention and imagination as a symbol of the ability of women to break barriers. As one of the three mission specialists on the STS-7 mission, she played a vital role in helping the crew deploy communications satellites, conduct experiments and make use of the first Shuttle Pallet Satellite. Her pioneering voyage and remarkable life helped, as President Barack Obama said soon after her death last summer, “inspire generations of young girls to reach for the stars” for she “showed us that there are no limits to what we can achieve.”
Fascinated by science from a young age, she pursued the study of physics, along with English, in school.
As she was graduating from Stanford University with a Ph.D. in physics, having done research in astrophysics and free electron laser physics, Ride noticed a newspaper ad for NASA astronauts. She turned in an application, along with 8,000 other people, and was one of only 35 chosen to join the astronaut corps. Joining NASA in 1978, she served as the ground-based capsule communicator, or capcom, for the second and third space shuttle missions (STS- 2 and STS-3) and helped with development of the space shuttle’s robotic arm.
Retiring from NASA in 1987, she became a science fellow at the Center for International Security and Arms Control at Stanford University and, in 1989, joined the University of California-San Diego as a professor of physics and director of the California Space Institute. In 2001, she founded her own company, Sally Ride Science, to pursue her passion for motivating girls and boys to study the STEM fields-science, technology, engineering and math. The company creates innovative classroom materials, programs and professional development training for teachers.
In 2003 she also served on the presidential commission investigating the Columbia accident (the only person to serve on both commissions).
In addition to this work, she wrote a number of science books for children, including The Third Planet, which won the American Institute of Physics Children’s Science Writing Award in 1995.
In 2003, Ride was added to the Astronaut Hall of Fame. The Astronaut Hall of Fame honours astronauts for their hard work.
8. Roma Agrawal – A structural engineer on The Shard!
A structural engineer with a physics degree. She has always loved science and design and found engineering to be a great combination between the two.
She has designed bridges, skyscrapers and sculptures with signature architects over her ten year career. She spent six years working on The Shard, the tallest building in Western Europe, and designed the foundations and the ‘Spire’.
In addition to winning industry awards, her career has been extensively featured in the media, including on BBC World News, BBC Daily Politics, TEDx, The Evening Standard, The Sunday Times, Guardian, The Telegraph, Independent, Cosmopolitan and Stylist Magazines, documentaries and in online blogs. She was the only woman featured on Channel 4’s documentary on the Shard, ‘The Tallest Tower’. Roma was part of M&S’s ‘Leading Ladies’ campaign 2014 and was described as a top woman tweeter by the Guardian
Outside work, Roma promotes engineering, scientific and technical careers to young people and particularly to under-represented groups such as women. She also engages about these topics with the Institutions and government to understand and develop an effective way forward. Roma has spoken to over 3000 people at over 50 schools, universities and organisations across the country and organisations across the country and abroad!
Roma has recently released a book –
Built: The Hidden Stories Behind our Structures
A unique look at how construction has evolved from the mud huts of our ancestors to towers of steel that reach into the sky.
9. Maria Mitchell – The First Female Professional American Astronomer!
(1818 – 1889)
Maria Mitchell was an astronomer, librarian, naturalist, and above all an educator. She discovered a comet through a telescope, for which she was awarded a gold medal by the King of Denmark. She was then thrust into the international spotlight and became America’s first professional female astronomer.
Her father was a great influence on her life; Maria developed her love of astronomy from his instruction on surveying and navigation. At age 12, Maria helped her father calculate the position of their home by observing a solar eclipse. By 14, sailors trusted her to do vital navigational computations for their long whaling journeys. Maria pursued her love of learning as a young woman, becoming the Nantucket Atheneum’s first librarian.
She and her father continued to acquire astronomical equipment and conduct observations.
On October 1st, 1847, Maria was sweeping the sky from the roof of the Pacific National Bank on Main Street, where her father was the Cashier. She spotted a small blurry object that did not appear on her charts. She had discovered a comet!
After achieving her fame, Maria was widely sought after and went on to achieve many great things. She resigned her post at the Atheneum in 1856 to travel throughout the US and Europe. In 1865, she became Professor of Astronomy at the newly-founded Vassar College.
Maria was an inspiration to her students. It was Vassar College that Maria felt was truly her home. She believed in learning by doing, and in the capacity of women to achieve what their male counterparts could. “Miss Mitchell” was beloved by her students whom she taught until her retirement in 1888.
10. Dr Jackie Bell – A contestant on the BBC’s ‘Astronauts: Do You Have What It Takes?’ programme!
Jackie is the Space and Physics Project Manager for the UK Association for Science and Discovery Centres (ASDC). She is managing Explore Your Universe, a national strategic partnership between ASDC and The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), which aims to inspire young people and families with the physical sciences. She is also managing ASDC’s national space programme, Destination Space, in partnership with the UK Space Agency, which aims to inspire young people and families with space science. Jackie is currently coordinating the UK’s plans for the 50th anniversary of the first moon landing, taking place in July 2019.
She was a contestant on the BBC’s ‘Astronauts: Do You Have What It Takes?’ programme. For this she was selected from over 3,000 applicants to take part and to undertake tests similar to those used in the astronaut selection process at major space agencies.
Jackie has a keen interest in science, particle physics, space and engineering with a huge passion for communicating science and inspiring more young people to get into STEM subjects.
It’s the NASA’s 60th Anniversary! For 60 years, they have advanced aeronautic research, led human space exploration, discovered the unknown far beyond Earth, developed new technologies, & conducted studies to improve life for all.
For six decades, NASA has led the peaceful exploration of space, making discoveries about our planet, our solar system, and our universe. At home, NASA research has made great advances in aviation, helped to develop a commercial space industry, enrich our economy, create jobs, and strengthen national security. Outside the United States, our international partnerships shine as examples of diplomacy. Space exploration has brought together people of diverse backgrounds working for the good of all humankind
As we celebrate NASA’s first 60 years of achievement, we honour the sacrifice that came with it: the tragic loss of lives including aviation pilots and the crew members of Apollo 1, Challenger, and Columbia. Sacrifice has also come in the countless hours dedicated NASA personnel, on the ground and in space, have spent away from families to plan and execute missions. The next decade promises to be full of adventures that only science fiction writers dreamed of and only NASA and its partners will accomplish.